Istanbul: History

1000-657 BC. J.-C.

Implantation of Semistra then the fishing village of Lygos on the site of the current İstanbul.

657 BC. J.-C.-330 are. J.-C.

Foundation of the city-state of Byzantium by Greek colonists from Megara, near Corinth. The city then came under the rule of Rome.

330

Constantine the Great made Byzantium "New Rome" capital of the Empire and renamed it Constantinople.

337

Theodosius split the Roman Empire between his son Constantinople became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire).

527-565

Reign of Justinian and Empress Theodora.

963-1025

Reign of Basil II, one of the most famous Byzantine emperors, winner of the Fatimids and conqueror of Bulgaria.

1204-1261

Sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders and establishment of the Latin Empire. Theodore I st Lascaris founded the Byzantine Empire of Nicaea.

1261

Michael VIII Palaeologus, emperor of Nicaea, Constantinople again.

1288

Foundation of the Ottoman state by the lord of the Turkish war Osman Gazi.

1326-1331

Orhan Gazi, son of the preceding, takes Nicaea and Bursa and makes it the Ottoman capital.

1453

Capture of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror.

1520-1566

Suleiman the Magnificent bringing the Ottoman Empire at its peak.

1789-1807

Sultan Selim III undertook the modernization of Turkey but it is overthrown by a revolt of the Janissaries.

1826

Mahmut II massacred corrupt Janissaries that threaten the throne.

1876

The reformist period called Tanzimat ("reorganization") results in the first Ottoman Constitution.

1876-1909

Sultan Abdülhamid II abrogated the constitution and ruled with a rod of iron.

1909-1918

The Young Turk movement helped a part of the army, and installs files Abdülhamid II to power a triumvirate.

1918

After World War I, the Ottoman Empire, an ally of the Central Powers ( Germany and Austria ), collapses. The British occupied Istanbul and the Sultan is only a puppet in the hands of the victors.

1920-1922

Turkish War of Independence against the French occupation forces Greek, and Italian.

1922-1923

The Grand National Assembly, led by Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) abolished the Ottoman sultanate and proclaimed the Turkish Republic with its capital in Ankara.

Years 1980-1990

Istanbul is experiencing a cultural renaissance where tourism development is consistent with the modernization of the city and restoring its architectural treasures.

August 17, 1999

An earthquake hit seven provinces north of the country Nighthawk (epicenter in Izmit) and is more than 12 000 people.

January 2000

Violent clashes between the army and radical Islamists.

2002

In December, at a summit, the Union European fixed in December 2004, the planned start of accession negotiations of Turkey in Europe.

2003

An attack is hitting British targets and killed 28 people.

2005

Opening of accession negotiations with Turkey to the European Union. Entry into force of the new Turkish lira, Yeni Türk Lirasi.

2007

AKP victory in early parliamentary elections in July. In the process, Abdullah Gül was elected president by Parliament.

2008

Istanbul was chosen as the cultural capital of Europe for 2010.

2010

Adopted by referendum measures harmonizing the Turkish system with that of its European neighbors.

2011

The AKP won a third victory in the parliamentary elections on June 12 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan continues as prime minister.